The Iceberg Model is a metaphor used to illustrate the hidden aspects of human behaviour. Just like an iceberg, most of what influences our actions lies beneath the surface, unseen by others. The visible tip of the iceberg represents our outward behaviour, what we say and do. This includes our actions, communication style, and body language.

However, a much larger portion remains hidden underwater. This submerged part represents our underlying thoughts, feelings, values, beliefs, and motivations. These unseen factors significantly influence our visible behaviour. For example, someone who appears confident and assertive might be driven by a fear of failure hidden beneath the surface. Understanding the Iceberg Model helps us recognise that behaviour is not random. By exploring the hidden aspects, we can gain deeper insights into ourselves and others, improving communication, empathy, and overall understanding.